High-precision volumetric mass metrology engine operating 100% in-browser with zero external API calls or server leaks. Convert seamlessly across 26+ international units across 5 measurement families, including SI Metric (kg/m³, g/cm³, kg/L), Imperial & US Customary (lb/ft³, lb/gal, oz/in³, slug/ft³), and Petroleum Hydrometer Scales (Specific Gravity, °API Gravity, Baumé, Twaddell, Plato, and Brix). Features an interactive 2D Archimedes Buoyancy & Flotation Tank simulator for testing liquid displacement in water, seawater, crude oil, and mercury, a 38+ material physical benchmark vault, Mass ⇄ Volume ⇄ Density triangle solvers, ISO 80000-4 compliance guidelines, and 1-click clipboard/CSV exports.

ISO 80000-4 & ASTM Metrology

Universal Density Converter & Archimedes Studio

High-precision volumetric mass metrology engine operating 100% in-browser with zero external API calls. Convert across 26+ international metric, imperial, petroleum, and laboratory scales with live Archimedes flotation simulation.

Base SI Metric Density kg/m³

1,000 kg/m³

1.000 g/cm³ • 1.000 kg/L

Imperial / US Customary lb/ft³

62.428 lb/ft³

8.345 lb/gal US • 0.0361 lb/in³

Specific Gravity & °API SG @ 4°C

SG 1.0000

°API 10.0 • Pure Water Baseline

Water Flotation Vector Archimedes

⚖️ Neutral Buoyancy

100.0% Displaced Volume

High-Impact Metrology Benchmark Scenarios

Density / Volumetric Mass Live Keystroke Sync

Source Measurement Unit

Floating Precision 4 Decimals

Fast Substance Presets

International SI Metric ISO 80000-4

Kilogram per cubic meter kg/m³ (SI Base Unit)

1,000

Gram per cubic centimeter g/cm³ (CGS Standard)

1.0000

Gram per milliliter g/mL

1.0000

Kilogram per liter kg/L

1.0000

Tonne per cubic meter t/m³ (Metric ton)

1.0000

Milligram per cubic meter mg/m³

1,000,000,000

Gram per liter g/L

1,000.00

Imperial & US Customary ASTM E380

Pound per cubic foot lb/ft³ (Engineering Std)

62.4280

Pound per cubic inch lb/in³

0.03613

Pound per US gallon lb/US gal

8.3454

Pound per Imperial gallon lb/Imp gal (UK)

10.0224

Ounce per cubic inch oz/in³

0.5780

Ounce per cubic foot oz/ft³

998.847

Slug per cubic foot slug/ft³

1.9403

Petroleum & Hydrometer API / ASTM D1298

Specific Gravity (Relative) SG @ 4°C H₂O

1.0000

API Gravity °API @ 60°F

10.00°

Baumé Scale °Bé (Hydrometric)

0.00 °Bé

Degrees Twaddell °Tw (Liquids > Water)

0.00 °Tw

Degrees Plato °P (Brewing Extract)

0.00 °P

Degrees Brix °Bx (Sucrose Mass %)

0.00 °Bx

CGS & Lab Micro-Units Analytical Chemistry

Milligram per milliliter mg/mL

1,000.00

Microgram per milliliter µg/mL

1,000,000

Microgram per microliter µg/µL

1.0000

Kilogram per cubic decimeter kg/dm³

1.0000

Solar Mean Equivalent ρ / ρ_sun (1,408 kg/m³)

0.7102 × Sun

Surrounding Medium Fluid:

Selected Fluid Density: 1,000 kg/m³

Submerged Volume Fraction: 100.0%

Buoyancy Classification: Neutral Buoyancy

Specific Gravity vs. Fluid: 1.0000

💡 Tip: Click or tap the beaker to trigger fluid displacement bobbing!

Material / Substance	Category	Density (kg/m³)	lb/ft³	SG (4°C)	Action

🛢️ American Petroleum Institute (°API)

An inverse measure of how heavy petroleum liquid is compared to water. Light crude floats higher and commands a premium pricing due to higher yields of gasoline and diesel.

°API = (141.5 / SG) - 131.5

• Light: > 31.1°API
• Medium: 22.3° - 31.1°API
• Heavy: 10.0° - 22.3°API
• Extra Heavy: < 10.0°API (Sinks in Water)

🧪 Baumé Scale (°Bé)

Developed by Antoine Baumé in 1768 for hydrometers calibrated in industrial chemistry and sulfuric acid production. Distinguishes liquids lighter and heavier than water.

Heavy: 145 - (145 / SG) | Light: (140 / SG) - 130

🍺 Degrees Plato (°P) & Brix (°Bx)

Used universally across brewing and sugar refining industries. Quantifies dissolved extract (sucrose percentage by weight) inside fermentation wort or juice.

°Bx ≈ 261.3 × (1 - 1/SG)

⚗️ Degrees Twaddell (°Tw)

Simplified British scale for liquids denser than pure water. Frequently cited in textile dyeing, tanning, and acid bleaching assays.

°Tw = 200 × (SG - 1.000)

Density (ρ): An intrinsic physical property representing mass per unit volume (SI: kg/m³). It is independent of gravity.
Specific Gravity (SG): A dimensionless ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference fluid (pure de-aerated water at 4°C, where ρ = 1,000 kg/m³).
Specific Weight (γ): The gravitational weight per unit volume (γ = ρ × g, measured in N/m³ or lbf/ft³). It varies with local planetary gravitational acceleration.

Archimedes of Syracuse (c. 287 – c. 212 BC) established that any body completely or partially submerged in a fluid at rest is acted upon by an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body ($F_B = \rho_{fluid} \times V_{displaced} \times g$).
If $\rho_{substance} < \rho_{fluid}$, the object floats with a submerged fraction equal to $\rho_{substance} / \rho_{fluid}$. If $\rho_{substance} > \rho_{fluid}$, it sinks to the container floor. If densities match, it achieves neutral equilibrium.

Liquids and gases expand when heated (positive volumetric thermal expansion coefficient β), causing density to decrease with rising temperature. For accurate custody transfer in petroleum and chemical engineering, densities are standardized to reference temperatures: 15°C (59°F) or 20°C (68°F) in Europe, and 60°F (15.56°C) under ASTM/API standards in the United States.

This studio performs 100% of metrology calculations, canvas rendering, and text exports entirely within your web browser utilizing modern HTML5 Canvas, Blob, and Web APIs. Zero formulas, lab specs, material compositions, or IP addresses are transmitted to external servers.

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Density Converter, Material Buoyancy & Specific Gravity Matrix

Universal Density Converter & Archimedes Studio

🛢️ American Petroleum Institute (°API)

🧪 Baumé Scale (°Bé)

🍺 Degrees Plato (°P) & Brix (°Bx)

⚗️ Degrees Twaddell (°Tw)

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